sábado, 2 de abril de 2011

Reflexiones Finales. Ingles Instrumental

La verdad el inglés para mí siempre ha sido una Materia, un poco difícil de comprender, pero en esta ocasión dado al involucramiento de la tecnología en la estrategia de aprendizaje, realmente me ha sido mucho más fácil de asimilar, dado a que mi área de especialización es precisamente la Tecnología. En cuanto al material utilizado es bastante novedoso y muy variado por lo cual se brindan muchas oportunidades para asimilar el contenido.
El grupo de la clase excelente, son todos verdaderos Profesionales Gente que solo con tratarlos un poco te das cuenta de la calidad de cada uno de ellos, como siempre existen algunas diferencias más que todo ideológica, pero que en ningún momento han hecho que influyan dentro del clima de Clase.
Dentro de las áreas a mejorar se encuentran la planificación de las aulas de clase, sobre todo de las que cuentan con laboratorio de computación, mismas que son bastante importantes sobre todo por la estrategia de aprendizaje, Por otro lado he perdido la inseguridad en cuanto a enfrentar cualquier texto en inglés, lo que para mí es bastante importante porque muchos de los materiales más novedosos se encuentran precisamente en este idioma.
A la Profe le digo que mantenga esas mismas energías y la pasión que demostró con respecto a esta nueva metodología que está utilizando la cual seguramente le va dar muchos buenos resultado.
Se Despide Alejandro Q

Taller Unidades III y IV

Unidad 3. Técnicas de lectura: predicción, scanning y skimming
Seleccione un texto que tenga una imagen.
Observe la imagen y conteste las siguientes preguntas.
De acuerdo al título y la imagen: ¿cuál cree usted que es el tópico que está a punto de leer?
¿Cuál es la idea general del texto?
¿Que palabras se repiten?
¿Que palabras se parecen al español?
¿Cuales son las palabras en negrita, el titulo, subtitulo o gráficos que te ayudan a entender el texto?
¿De qué trata el texto? Lee el primer párrafo y el último o la ultimas ideas del último párrafo.

Technology
Technology is the usage and knowledge of tools, techniques, crafts, systems or methods of organization in order to solve a problem or serve some purpose. The word technology comes from Greek τεχνολογία (technología); from τέχνη (téchnē), meaning "art, skill, craft", and -λογία (-logía), meaning "study of-".[1] The term can either be applied generally or to specific areas: examples include construction technology, medical technology, and information technology.
Technologies significantly affect human as well as other animal species' ability to control and adapt to their natural environments. The human species' use of technology began with the conversion of natural resources into simple tools. The prehistorical discovery of the ability to control fire increased the available sources of food and the invention of the wheel helped humans in travelling in and controlling their environment. Recent technological developments, including the printing press, the telephone, and the Internet, have lessened physical barriers to communication and allowed humans to interact freely on a global scale. However, not all technology has been used for peaceful purposes; the development of weapons of ever-increasing destructive power has progressed throughout history, from clubs to nuclear weapons.

De acuerdo al título y la imagen: ¿cuál cree usted que es el tópico que está a punto de leer?
El cuerpo de tópico, debería hablar de la tecnología y los diferentes tipos que existen actualmente.
¿Cuál es la idea general del texto?
La idea general del texto apunta a definir que es la Tecnologia y los usos que se le pueden dar a la misma
¿Que palabras se repiten?
Human, tools, weapons, technology
¿Cuales son las palabras en negrita, el titulo, subtitulo o gráficos que te ayudan a entender el texto?
tools, techniques
¿De qué trata el texto? Lee el primer párrafo y el último o la ultimas ideas del último párrafo.
El Texto, trata sobre la tecnología, de donde proviene la palabra y lola utilización que tiene en nuestra vida cotidiana, pero también dice el impacto que puede tener en nuestro medio ambiente, si es usada de forma inadecuada

Unidad 4. Patrones de Organización de un Párrafo


A. Seleccione un texto relacionado con su área de experticia. Lea el texto y extraiga:
·         Las definiciones 
·         Los marcadores de definición

Marketing strategy
Marketing strategy is a process that can allow an organization to concentrate its limited resources on the greatest opportunities to increase sales and achieve a sustainable competitive advantage. A marketing strategy should be centered around the key concept that customer satisfaction is the main goal. Marketing strategy is a method of focusing an organization's energies and resources on a course of action which can lead to increased sales and dominance of a targeted market niche. A marketing strategy combines product development, promotion, distribution, pricing, relationship management and other elements; identifies the firm's marketing goals, and explains how they will be achieved, ideally within a stated timeframe.

B. Seleccione otro texto relacionado con su área de experticia y extraiga las palabras de secuencia u ordenamiento del tiempo.
Marcadores de Tiempo
Idea general del párrafo







William Henry "Bill" Gates III, (born October 28, 1955)[3] is an American business magnate, philanthropist, author, and is chairman of Microsoft, the software company he founded with Paul Allen. He is consistently ranked among the world's wealthiest people[4] and was the wealthiest overall from 1995 to 2009, excluding 2008, when he was ranked third.[5] During his career at Microsoft, Gates held the positions of CEO and chief software architect, and remains the largest individual shareholder, with more than 8 percent of the common stock.[6] He has also authored or co-authored several books.
Gates is one of the best-known entrepreneurs of the personal computer revolution. Although he is admired by many, a number of industry insiders criticize his business tactics, which they consider anti-competitive, an opinion which has in some cases been upheld by the courts.[7][8] In the later stages of his career, Gates has pursued a number of philanthropic endeavors, donating large amounts of money to various charitable organizations and scientific research programs through the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, established in 2000.
Gates stepped down as chief executive officer of Microsoft in January 2000. He remained as chairman and created the position of chief software architect. In June 2006, Gates announced that he would be transitioning from full-time work at Microsoft to part-time work, and full-time work at the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation. He gradually transferred his duties to Ray Ozzie, chief software architect, and Craig Mundie, chief research and strategy officer. Gates' last full-time day at Microsoft was June 27, 2008. He remains at Microsoft as non-executive chairman.


Marcadores de Tiempo
October 28, 1955
1995 to 2009
Excluding 2008
established in 2000
January 2000
In June 2006
June 27, 2008

IDEA GENERAL DEL TEXTO
El texto se refiere a la vida del magnate de Tecnología Bill Gates


Unidad III: Técnicas de lectura: Predicción, deducción, scanning y skimming
SKIMMING
 
 
 
 
 
Global Warming
Human activity this century has increased the concentrations of atmospheric trace gases, which in turn has elevated global surface temperatures by blocking the escape of thermal infrared radiation. Natural climate variations are masking this temperature increase, but further additions of trace gases during the next 65 years could double or even quadruple the present effects, causing the global average temperature to rise by at least 1 °C and possibly by more than 5 °C. If the rise continues into the twenty-second century, the global average temperature may reach higher values than have occurred in the past 10 million years.

Climate model projections summarized in the latest IPCC report indicate that the global surface temperature is likely to rise a further 1.1 to 6.4 °C (2.0 to 11.5 °F) during the 21st century. The uncertainty in this estimate arises from the use of models with differing sensitivity to greenhouse gas concentrations and the use of differing estimates of future greenhouse gas emissions. An increase in global temperature will cause sea levels to rise and will change the amount and pattern of precipitation, probably including expansion of subtropical deserts.Warming is expected to be strongest in the Arctic and would be associated with continuing retreat of glaciers, permafrost and sea ice. Other likely effects include changes in the frequency and intensity of extreme weather events, species extinctions, and changes in agricultural yields. Warming and related changes will vary from region to region around the globe, though the nature of these regional variations is uncertain.As a result of contemporary increases in atmospheric carbon dioxide, the oceans have become more acidic, a result that is predicted to continue.
The scientific consensus is that anthropogenic global warming is occurring.Nevertheless, political and public debate continues. The Kyoto Protocol is aimed at stabilizing greenhouse gas concentration to prevent a "dangerous anthropogenic interference".As of November 2009, 187 states had signed and ratified the protocol.
Proposed responses to climate change include mitigation to reduce emissions, adaptation to the effects of global warming, and geoengineering to remove greenhouse gases from the atmosphere or block incoming sunlight.
         De acuerdo al título y la imagen, ¿cuál cree usted que es el tópico que está a punto de leer?  Calentamiento Global
         ¿Cuál es la idea general del texto? El grado de preocupación que existe debido al calentamiento global que en este siglo ha aumentado debido a la concentración de gases rastro atmosféricos.
         ¿Qué palabras se repiten? Temperature, gases, Global , warming
         ¿Qué palabras se parecen al español? Human activity, concentrations, atmospheric, temperature, possibly, Natural, Climate,
         ¿Cuáles son las palabras en negrita, el titulo, subtitulo o gráficos que te ayudan a entender el texto? temperature, global warming. 
         ¿De qué trata el texto? Lee el primer párrafo y el último o la ultimas ideas del último párrafo.  El Calentamiento Global ha aumentado con las concentraciones de gases rastro atmosféricos, ocasionando que las temperatura se haya elevado por el bloqueo de la radiación infrarroja, en los próximos 65 años si continúan las remotas adiciones de gases podrían doblarse los efectos presentes ocasionando que la temperatura continúe elevándose en al menos 1°C y posiblemente en más de 5°C.
 
SCANNING
Seleccione un texto  y escribe 4 preguntas puntuales sobre fechas, sitios, etc) (utiliza una biografíareferente a algún autor de tu área de experticia))
Íker Casillas Fernández, born May 20, 1981 in Móstoles, Madrid, Spain, is a Spanish football goalkeeper. He currently is Real Madrid's and Spain's first choice goalkeeper.
Born in Madrid in 1981, Casillas' entire career has been spent with his hometown club, whom he joined as an eight-year old. Part of the Spanish teams which won the UEFA-CAF Meridian Cup and FIFA World Youth Championship in 1999, his breakthrough year came in 1999/2000, when he replaced the injured Bodo Illgner and played in Madrid's UEFA Champions League triumph in an all-Spanish final against Valencia CF where his senior team mates Raúl González, Fernando Morientes and Steve McManaman scored in a 3-0 win. Loss of form subsequently allowed César Sánchez to take the number 1 jersey but Casillas reclaimed the limelight after substituting the veteran in the 2001/02 Champions League final against Bayer Leverkusen and preserving Madrid's 2-1 lead with a series of fine saves.
1.       Cuando nació Iker Casillas?
Iker Casillas Fernández nació el 20 de Mayo de 1981

2.       Donde nació Iker Casillas?
Nació en Móstoles Madrid, España

3.       Quienes fueron sus  compañeros  de equipo mayores en la final de la Liga?
Raúl González, Fernando Morientes y Steve McManaman.

4.       Contra qué equipo jugaron y cuántos goles anotaron?
Valencia CF y ganaron 3-0

EJERCICIO UNIDAD 4: PATRONES DE ORGANIZACIÓN DE UN PARRAFO


UNIDAD IV: PATRONES DE ORGANIZACIÓN DE UN PÁRRAFO

.-  Seleccione un texto relacionado con su área de experticia.
Lea el texto y extraiga las definiciones y los marcadores del discurso.

PROJECT MANAGEMENT
 
 
 
 
 
        Project management is the disclipine of planning, organizing, securing and managing resources  to bring about the successful completion of specific project goals and objectives. It is sometimes conflated with program management, however technically that is actually a higher level construction: a group of related and somehow interdependent engineering projects.
       A project is a temporary endeavor, having a defined beginning and end (usually constrained by date, but can be by funding or deliverables),undertaken to meet unique goals and objectives,usually to bring about beneficial change or added value. The temporary nature of projects stands in contrast to business as usual (or operations), which are repetitive, permanent or semi-permanent functional work to produce products or services. In practice, the management of these two systems is often found to be quite different, and as such requires the development of distinct technical skills and the adoption of separate management.
       The primary challenge of project management is to achieve all of the project goal and objectives while honoring the preconceived project constraints.Typical constraints are scope, time and budget. The secondary—and more ambitious—challenge is to optimize the allocation and integration of inputs necessary to meet pre-defined objectives.

a.-   Definiciones: 
        Marcadores de discurso: Resaltados en Rojo

         La gestión de proyectos es el disclipina de planificar, organizar, asegurar y gestionar los recursos para lograr la conclusión exitosa de las metas del proyecto y objetivos específicos.
         
         A veces es confundido con la gestión del programa, sin embargo técnicamente eso es en realidad una construcción de alto nivel: un grupo de proyectos de ingeniería relacionados e interdependientes de alguna manera.
         
        Un proyecto es un esfuerzo temporal, que tiene un inicio y fin  definidos (por lo general limitada por fecha, pero puede ser por la financiación o resultados), llevado a cabo para alcanzar las metas y objetivos únicos, por lo general para lograr un cambio beneficioso o de valor agregado
         
        En la práctica, la gestión de estos dos sistemas se encuentra a menudo a ser muy diferente y como tal, requiere el desarrollo de distintas habilidades técnicas y la adopción de una gestión distinta.
        
         El principal desafío de la gestión del proyecto es lograr todos los objetivos del proyecto y los objetivos al tiempo que respeta las restricciones del proyecto preconcebido
        
         Limitaciones típicas son el alcance, tiempo y presupuesto.
        
         El secundario-y más ambicioso reto es optimizar la asignación y la integración de los insumos necesarios para alcanzar los objetivos pre-definidos
        b.- Idea Principal del Texto
        El texto trata del concepto de la Gestión de los Proyectos, la cual es una disciplina de planificación, organización, seguridad y manejo de recursos.

2.- Seleccione otro texto relacionado con su área de experticia y extraiga los marcadores de discurso, diga si son de secuencia u ordenamiento del tiempo.
           a.- Marcadores de Tiempo
           b.- Tipo de Texto
          c.- Idea Principal del Texto

HISTORY DEL PROJECT MANAGEMENT

Project management has been practiced since early civilization. Until 1900 civil engineering projects were generally managed by creative architects and engineers themselves, among those for example Vitruvius (1st century BC), Christopher Wren (1632–1723) , Thomas Telford(1757–1834) and Isambard Kingdom Brunel (1806–1859). It was in the 1950s that organizations started to systematically apply project management tools and techniques to complex engineering projects.

As a discipline, Project Management developed from several fields of application including civil constuction, engineering, and heavy defense activity. Two forefathers of project management are Henry Gantt, called the father of planning and control techniques, who is famous for his use of the Gantt chart as a project management tool; and Henri Fayol for his creation of the 5 management functions which form the foundation of the body of knowledge associated with project and program management. Both Gantt and Fayol were students of Frederick Winslow Taylor's theories of scientific management. His work is the forerunner to modern project management tools including work breakdown structure (WBS) and resource allocation

 a.- Marcadores de Tiempo: Resaltados en Azul
b.- Tipo de Texto: De secuencia de tiempo
c.- Idea Principal del Texto:
    
     El Texto trata de los incios de la Gestion de los Proyectos, el cual fue utilizado al principio    por arquitectos y ingenieros. Despues a principos de 1900 se empezo a utilizar para otra técnicas.    


Esta actividad fue realizada con Elizabeth Dubuc y Mariaelena Muñoz
EJERCICIOS DE LAS UNIDADES I Y II
CASO DE ESTUDIO MCDONALD VENEZUELA


Summary
In Venezuela, McDonald’s restaurants are cutting payroll costs by up to 22 percent annually after incorporating HandPunch biometric terminals to record time and attendance. Over 3,400 employees at 85 McDonald’s restaurants in venezuela have been enrolled with the HandPunch over the past four years. On average, the system generates over 7,500 transactions each day resulting in over 2.5 million “punches” annually.
Business Need
Students make up about 90 percent of the McDonald’s workforce in venezuela. They were frequently punching one another in to cover for exams or other school-related events. McDonald’s needed to move to biometrics to verify that the employee clocking in was really that person. McDonald’s worldwide success has been built on being fast, convenient and affordable. Expenses associated with employee badges and fraud caused by buddy punching had to be eliminated.

Identifica 3 palabras que no conoces
Enroll-ed=(v) matricular;inscribir
Badges = (n) insignias=
Success = (v) exito

Idea Principal
La incorporación de terminales hand punch biométricos en la red de restaurantes Mc Donald´s de Venezuela; permitió eliminar el fraude cometido por los empleados; en su mayoría estudiantes; en cuanto a las inasistencias; que eran cubiertas por amigos para cumplir con exámenes y eventos relacionados con la escolaridad.

Sustantivos: restaurants, terminals
Verbos: cut,generate
Adverbio:annually, frequently
Adjetivo: biometric,affordable
Artículo: the
Preposiciones: On, In
Conjunción: And, at
Cognados verdaderos: transactions, costs, terminals
cognados Falsos: success; enrolled
Sufijo: worldwide
Prefijos:  payroll

B. ESTRUCTURA DE LA ORACIÓN: (2 EJEMPLOS)
Ejemplo I
McDonald’s worldwide success has
been built on being fast, convenient and affordable..

Frase Nominal:
McDonald’s worldwide success

Nucleo: success
Pre Modificador:
McDonald’s worldwide

Frase Verbal:
Has been built on being fast, convenient and affordable..

Nucleo: has been

Tiempo Verbal: presente perfecto


B. ESTRUCTURA DE LA ORACIÓN: (2 EJEMPLOS)
Ejemplo I
Expenses associated with employee badges and fraud caused by buddy punching had to be eliminated.

Frase Nominal:
Expenses associated with employee badges and fraud caused by buddy punching had to be eliminated.

Nucleo:
Expenses

Pre Modificador:
associated with employee badges and fraud caused by buddy punching


Frase Verbal:
had to be eliminated.


Nucleo: had to be


Tiempo Verbal: pasado perfecto

sábado, 26 de marzo de 2011

TALLERES UNIDADES I Y II

IMPORTANCE OF SUPPLY CHAIN MANAGEMENT
Organizations increasingly find that they must rely on effective supply chains, or networks, to compete in the global market and networked economy.[7] In Peter Drucker's (1998) new management paradigms, this concept of business relationships extends beyond traditional enterprise boundaries and seeks to organize entire business processes throughout a value chain of multiple companies.
During the past decades, globalization, outsourcing and information technology have enabled many organizations, such as Dell and Hewlett Packard, to successfully operate solid collaborative supply networks in which each specialized business partner focuses on only a few key strategic activities (Scott, 1993). This inter-organizational supply network can be acknowledged as a new form of organization. However, with the complicated interactions among the players, the network structure fits neither "market" nor "hierarchy" categories (Powell, 1990). It is not clear what kind of performance impacts different supply network structures could have on firms, and little is known about the coordination conditions and trade-offs that may exist among the players. From a systems perspective, a complex network structure can be decomposed into individual component firms (Zhang and Dilts, 2004). Traditionally, companies in a supply network concentrate on the inputs and outputs of the processes, with little concern for the internal management working of other individual players. Therefore, the choice of an internal management control structure is known to impact local firm performance (Mintzberg, 1979).

A.  CATEGORIAS LEXICALES Y USO DEL DICCIONARIO.
Identifica 3 palabras que no conoces
Boundaries( n)=Limite
Throughout(adv)=Totalmente
concern (n)=Preocupación

Idea Principal
Las organizaciones deben confiar cada vez más en la gestión eficaz de la cadena de suministro para competir en el mercado mundial y la economía en red.
Sustantivos: Networks, chains
Verbos: be, is
Adverbio: Throughout, successfully 
Adjetivo: effective, little
Artículo: the, an
Preposiciones: Of, In
Conjunción: And, Or
Cognados verdaderos: Organizations, Traditional, concept
cognados Falsos:
Sufijo:
Prefijos:  Outsourcing, Outputs
B. ESTRUCTURA DE LA ORACIÓN: (2 EJEMPLOS)
Ejemplo I
This inter-organizational supply network can be acknowledged as a new form of organization.
Frase Nominal:
This inter-organizational supply network

Nucleo: network
Pre Modificador:
This inter-organizational supply
Frase Verbal:
can be acknowledged as a new form of organization.
Nucleo: Can be
Tiempo Verbal: Presente Simple
Ejemplo II
Traditionally, companies in a supply network concentrate on the inputs and outputs of the processes, with little concern for the internal management working of other individual players.
Frase Nominal:
Traditionally, companies in a supply network
Nucleo: companies
Pre Modificador: Traditionally
Post Modificador: in a supply network

Frase Verbal:
concentrate on the inputs and outputs of the processes, with little concern for the internal management working of other individual players.
Nucleo: concentrate
Tiempo Verbal: Presente Simple